中国新火炮或将搭载60倍径主炮

中国最新155毫米自行火炮或将搭载60倍径主炮，自动化程度极高

近日，美国国防博客网站（Defence-Blog）发布消息称，已经观察到中国最新自行火炮的踪迹，该火炮据传搭载了新一代高倍径主炮，并具备极高的自动化水平，仅需两人即可操作。

虽然 Defence-Blog 网站所提供的信息较为模糊，但其观点并非空穴来风。全球大口径火炮发展趋势已转向更高的倍径和更强的自动化性能。韩国K-9自行火炮的最新版本K9A3计划配备58倍径主炮，并最终实现无人操作；美国陆军“拓展射程加农炮”（ERCA）项目也曾计划使用58倍径主炮，但因技术问题在2024年终止。

值得一提的是，中国新火炮的58-60倍径主炮，将领先全球至少十年。

四 decades ago, China's PLZ-45 155mm self-propelled howitzer achieved success due to its superior performance compared to the US M109A4/5 at that time. However, with the emergence of 52倍径主炮自行火炮，such as Germany's PzH-2000 and South Korea's K-9, PLZ-45 gradually lost its edge. Although China later developed the PLZ-52 with a 52倍径主炮, it was hampered by shortcomings in chassis and power systems, ultimately lagging behind the market.

In contrast, the K-9, with its low-cost selling strategy and imported mature subsystems, has secured over 1,500 export orders, becoming a global leader in the self-propelled howitzer market. Despite facing competition from PLZ-52, if it had grasped the trend of upgrading to 52倍径主炮 earlier, its market share would have been much higher, and its reputation as a domestically produced artillery piece would be stronger.

However, China is now catching up with this opportunity. The new generation of self-propelled howitzers equipped with high-caliber guns and advanced automation technology may compensate for past regrets. Although the information provided by Defence-Blog is limited, the length of the main gun and the proportion of the vehicle body clearly indicate a higher magnification than current equipment, making the claim of a 58-60倍径主炮 plausible.

The US ERCA project, despite being terminated before completion, had already developed a 58倍径 main cannon. However, during live fire tests, it experienced severe wear and tear after only hundreds of rounds, significantly reducing accuracy. Compared to the current 52倍径 main cannon with a nominal range of 4500 meters and an actual effective range exceeding 15,000 meters, the gap is huge, forcing the US Army to abandon the project. Ironically, the K9A3 also planned to use the ERCA main gun.

If Germany fails to achieve breakthroughs in this field (around five years ago, Rheinmetall announced plans to develop a new generation of 60倍径 main cannons), then China's fourth-generation self-propelled howitzer could dominate the market for new caliber guns. Extending the range of standard 155mm artillery shells from around 40 kilometers to 75 kilometers would be a significant technological advantage for China.

Furthermore, the reduction in crew size is not merely about cost savings but represents a qualitative leap in combat effectiveness. Automatic loaders, high-precision fire control systems, and advanced aiming aids enable a higher level of digitalization and information integration. In the face of threats posed by unmanned aerial vehicles and other emerging weapons, traditional self-propelled howitzers have increasingly limited survivability.

Therefore, China's adoption of high-caliber guns and cutting-edge automation technology in new artillery pieces demonstrates its commitment to embracing new trends in military industry. These advancements signify a significant step forward for Chinese military equipment development.

阅读本文之前，你最好先了解…

中国火炮发展历程：

• 早期阶段（1950-1980年代）： 借鉴苏联技术，主要生产中等口径火炮，如 PLZ-45 和 15式。
• 快速发展阶段（1990-2000年代）： 以PLZ-52为代表，引入更高倍径主炮，但仍受制于技术和平台能力。
• 转型升级阶段（2010年代至今）： 积极探索自主创新，研发高自动化、远程精确的新一代火炮，例如新兴的60倍径主炮自行火炮。

理解该技术的意义：

• 射程优势: 60倍径主炮带来的弹道优势可以将战场控制范围扩大到更远距离，对对手形成更大的压制。
• 精度提升: 高倍径主炮通常搭配先进的火控系统，能够实现更高的打击精度，提高战斗效率。
• 自动化程度: 新一代火炮的自动化程度极高，不仅减少了人员伤亡风险，还能提高作战节奏和决策速度。

全球火炮发展趋势:

• 追求更高倍径主炮：韩国、美国等国已将目标设定在58-60倍径的主炮上，以获得更大的射程优势。
• 推动自动化程度提升: 无人化操作、自动装填等技术逐渐应用于现代火炮，提高作战效率和安全性。

中国新一代火炮的潜在影响:

• 改变战场格局: 新型火炮将为中国军队提供更强大的远程打击能力，改变传统战场态势。
• 提升国际竞争力: 拥有先进火炮技术的中国能够在全球军火市场占据更有优势地位。
• 推动军事技术革新: 中国在火炮领域的创新成果将激励其他国家加强研发，加速全球火炮技术发展。

如果你有其它意见，请评论留言。